A tepee (tipi, teepee) is a Plains Indian home.
It is made of buffalo hide fastened around very long wooden poles,
designed in a cone shape. Tepees were warm in the winter and cool in
the summer. Some were quite large. They could hold 30 or 40 people
comfortably.
Tepee Poles: The
15-foot poles were sometimes hard to find. Some people became really
good at making sturdy poles. They used them for trade. A typical
trade would be one horse for five poles.
The Rising Sun: A
tepee used a hide flap as a doorway. Weather permitting, the
entrance faced east, towards the rising sun.
If the weather was miserable or a
storm was brewing, the people positioned the flap opening in
whatever way would best serve the comfort of the occupants.
Sometimes, the people arranged their tepees in
a circle, with all the opening flaps facing the center open space
created by the circle of tepees. The younger kids could play in
this open space, under the watchful eyes of their mothers.
Women were in
charge of the teepees: It was up to the women
where to place a tepee. The tepee was their castle, and they
were in charge of anything to do with it, including building it,
erecting it, breaking it down for transports.
She was in charge of behavior inside the tepee,
as well. If she said, "Go to sleep," everyone had to go to
sleep or leave the tepee. She was in charge inside the tepee.
It was her tepee.
Painted Skins: Men
were in charge of the outside of the tepee. It was up to them to
bring back the skins necessary to cover the poles. It was up to them
to either bring back horses or hides to trade for poles, or to make
the poles themselves. The men often painted the outside of the
tepee they called home. The painting was often symbolic of their
achievements. Each tribe had their own style.
Inside the Tepee:
There was a small fire in the center for
cooking and for warmth when needed. Tepees had an open space at the
top, a little off center, to let the smoke out. When it rained or
snowed, the men were sent outside to wrap an extra piece of hide
around the top of the tepee. The men always left a little room for
the smoke to get out. The Plains people used little
furniture. They slept on buffalo skins on the floor of their homes.
Tepee Etiquette: If
the entrance flap was open, it was an invitation to enter. If the
flap was closed, you needed to announce yourself and wait for an
invitation to enter a tepee, even if you lived there. A guest always
sat to the left of the head of the family, who always sat the
farthest from the door flap. These were rules that everyone knew and
everyone followed.
